Cognitive and Physiological Aspects of Attention to Personally Relevant Negative Information in Depression PDF
By:Greg Jeremy Siegle
Published on 1999 by
Evidence suggests depressed individuals pay excessive attention to negative information. The current research investigates the nature and clinical implications of such attention biases. A computational neural network, reflecting interacting brain systems that identify emotional and nonemotional aspects of information, is described in which depression is identified with strongly learning certain negative information. The model's behavior suggested that depressed people are reminded of, and attend to personally relevant negative information in response to many stimuli. Predictions for depressed and nondepressed individuals' reaction times, signal detection rates, and the time course of cognitive load in response to emotional stimuli were derived from the computational model. To evaluate these predictions, pupil dilations and reaction times were collected from 24 unmedicated depressed and 25 nondepressed adults in response to emotional lexical decision and valence identification tasks. Pupil dilation was used to index cognitive load. load. Mixed ANOVA planned contrasts were employed to evaluate predictions. In support of model derived predictions, depressed individuals rated many stimuli as negative more than nondepressed individuals. The network's behavior suggested that depressed individuals would be quicker to say that negative words were negative, than positive words were positive, and that this difference would be reduced in nondepressed. individuals. This prediction was supported empirically. Principal components analysis of pupil dilations revealed early attentional components (at or before reaction times) and late, possibly ruminative, components (peaking 2 and 4 seconds after reaction times). The computational model suggested cognitive load, indexed by pupil dilation, would be highest for nondepressed individuals during early stages of attention but highest for depressed individuals during later stages of attention. This prediction was supported. Contrary to predictions, differences in depressed individuals' dilations to positive and negative stimuli were not detected. These data suggest depressed individuals may. not initially attend to the content of presented information, but may quickly associate any incoming information with whatever made them depressed. Sustained attention to personally relevant negative information may characterize depressive attention biases. Targeting implicated cognitive and brain processes may improve interventions for depression.
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Book ID of Cognitive and Physiological Aspects of Attention to Personally Relevant Negative Information in Depression's Books is 4wpkS5zzhYIC, Book which was written byGreg Jeremy Sieglehave ETAG "3Qu+K46nkyU"
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